🧠 Let’s talk about maladaptive daydreaming

Sarah Sloat

Sunday Scaries

Hello! My name is Sarah Sloat and welcome to Sunday Scaries #150. Thanks for reading this chill newsletter for not-chill people.

Sit back, relax, and feel the feels. This Sunday doesn’t have to be scary.

This week’s chill icon

This week’s chill icon is Roxy-Roxanne-Roxanna-Carnita-Burrita. According to Sunday Scaries reader Jill, this pup “loves to force herself under any blankets with you until she hyperventilates from the heat and will fling herself around the bed until she finds an exit.” That’s my type of girl.

Have you encountered a chill icon IRL or during your internet browsing? If so, I want to hear from you. Send an email over to sundayscaries@inverse.com and you might see them in next week’s newsletter.

Let’s talk about maladaptive daydreaming

For some people, “maladaptive daydreaming” might be a more accurate diagnosis than attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, according to a new study published in the Journal of Clinical Psychology. In the study, maladaptive daydreaming is defined as “compulsive fantasy activity characterized by immersive imagination and shifting attention toward a rich inner world while neglecting social, occupational, and academic activities.”

“We believe this is correct although [maladaptive daydreaming] is not yet a formal diagnosis,” says Nirit Soffer-Dudek. She is the study’s lead author, a clinical psychologist, and a senior lecturer at the Ben-Gurion University of the Negev.

The idea that daydreams could edge out reality is certainly curious, and confessional stories that detail what it’s like to experience maladaptive daydreaming offer some clues to life with the condition. But as with many mental health issues, people who have invasive daydreams experience stigma — and even resistance by some clinicians to treat the problem as a medical one.

In one study on people who self-identify as maladaptive daydreamers, a woman recalls telling her doctor about her distress. In reply, she says, they “looked at me with one eyebrow raised and told me it’s nothing to worry about.” Other psychologists have argued a diagnosis for maladaptive daydreaming would mean applying “the medical disease model to elements of the human experience… I would not create a new category of mental disorder for daydreams.”

But these dismissals ignore the emotional pain that can result from maladaptive daydreaming (MD), argue researchers like Soffer-Dudek.

Soffer-Dudek believes maladaptive daydreaming needs to be added to the next edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders — the gold standard manual for psychiatric conditions used by clinicians in the United States.

In turn, many people who maladaptive daydream argue other psychopathological categories are insufficient: Instead of being diagnosed with ADHD, they want a diagnosis which more accurately defines what they are going through — and the help that can come along with it.

The difference between ADHD and maladaptive daydreaming

In an earlier study, Soffer-Dudek and colleagues interviewed people with MD and found almost all of them met the criteria for inattentive ADHD. However this “supposed comorbidity was different than others,” like depression and anxiety, Soffer-Dudek tells me.

In interviews, the study respondents explained that their “addiction to daydreaming was making it difficult for them to focus on external conversations, work, chores, and classes,” she says. When it came to building stories in their heads, they had excellent concentration skills. The issue wasn’t difficulty with staying focused or being easily distracted, it was that they had a compulsive or addictive urge to engage in daydreams.

She realized that if MD was included in a formal psychiatric diagnostic manual, “giving them a diagnosis of MD would make the diagnosis of the ADHD superfluous as the symptoms are better explained by the MD.”

To explore this further, Soffer-Dudek and colleagues decided to conduct a similar study in reverse: They looked at people with ADHD and measured how many exhibited MD. Their new study confirms their hypothesis that MD and ADHD are not the same thing: Many people have difficulties with convention and attention without a daydream addiction.

“ADHD-like symptoms can result from MD, but they are not one and the same,” Soffer-Dudek says.

Of the 83 people they examined in their most recent study, 20.5 percent met the proposed diagnostic criteria for MD. These participants also showed signs of increased depression, loneliness, and lower self-esteem compared to the ADHD-only participants.

When does daydreaming become maladaptive?

Soffer-Dudek views “true daydreaming” as a phenomenon that occurs within maladaptive daydreaming — it’s the experience of building stories and seeing vivid images in one’s mind. Previous research suggests we daydream as a means to process experiences and practice problem-solving. It may help us with our creative thinking skills and to consider our goals.

But we also use daydreaming as a catchall term to mean other things, too. For example, the word is also used to describe mind-wandering and mind-blanking.

“This confusion hinders scientific understanding of what happens in the brain during true daydreaming,” Soffer-Dudek says.

People with MD can experience extremely vivid daydreaming episodes that can last hours. It is embodied by a constant, compulsive urge to daydream, and can be addictive. In turn, this can spur disillusionment with reality and social withdrawal.

“People with MD may seek out alone-time with the sole aim of being able to daydream undisturbed,” Soffer-Dudek says. “They may avoid opportunities for social gatherings because they’d rather be alone and daydream.”

Some people return to the same scenery and characters within their daydreams for years.

It is also very difficult to stop. This is what makes it debilitating and why it impairs functioning, Soffer-Dudek explains. People feel as if they cannot control it.

“However, many have told us that psychotherapy has helped them overcome it by resolving underlying issues,” she says. “Also, awareness and monitoring of the behavior and its triggers could be beneficial, as well as training in mindfulness.”

A legitimization of MD — along with an increased willingness by medical practitioners to recognize it as a distinct experience — can also benefit people looking to exert control.

Now look at this oddly satisfying thing

This perfect slice of spring snow was shared by Sunday Scaries reader Stan.

Have you seen something strangely satisfying? Then send your best examples to sundayscaries@inverse.com for consideration for next week.

What I’m reading this week

Distract yourself from the scaries with these reads:

Scientists finally hone in on a mysterious alien signal’s origin. The Wow! Signal just got a little bit more wow.

Study: Being close to nature reduces the risk of stroke. This is your sign to get outside.

We now have an image of the Milky Way’s central black hole — here’s how it happened. Here’s how the milestone was made.

And if it’s midnight and you’re still feeling the scaries...

Mourn the death of the iPod.

That’s it for this week! Have thoughts on what mental health topics you’d like to see Sunday Scaries cover next? Let me know by sending an email over to sundayscaries@inverse.com.

Lifetime stats

9396

lifetime opens

You rank in the 100th percentile of Inverse Daily subscribers with 9396 lifetime opens.

share Inverse Daily

Do you know someone who would enjoy reading Inverse Daily? Take a few minutes to share it with them.

Or copy & paste your personal referral link:
https://www.inverse.com/newsletter?referral_code=024cfe3d-65ed-4a7d-923d-6538f2414d1d&list=inverseDaily

You're receiving this email because you signed up to receive communications from BDG Media. If you believe this has been sent to you in error, please safely unsubscribe.

315 Park Ave. South, New York, NY 10010

Copyright 2022 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved.

View in browser

Sunday Scaries reader Jill many mental health issues Sarah Sloat Sunday Scaries compulsive fantasy activity rich inner world medical disease model gold standard manual other psychopathological categories

🧠 Let’s talk about maladaptive daydreaming

Key phrases

Older messages

🚀 70 years ago, the world united for a monumental scientific project

🍿 The 'Stranger Things' cast unpacks what to expect in Season 4

🌌 Say goodbye to NASA’s InSight Lander

🧠 Landmark study sheds light on how transgender children develop identity over time

🥩 The potential risks of eating smoked food

You Might Also Like

How To Profit From The Upcoming Bitcoin Halving

Why Are Republicans Suddenly Sounding So Pro-Choice?

All printers suck

Friday Briefing: India’s election begins

Johnson Comes Around

A potential ‘slam the brakes’ moment for climate tech | Shein popping up in Seattle

We have your election year mantra right here

☕ All together now

☕ Here comes the Sun Belt

A couple of announcements.