Saving species by changing their behavior

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Elephants may be the largest animals on land, but they’re still unnerved by tiny bees. In Kenya, farmers and researchers have built “bee fences” that harness the pachyderms’ fear to keep them out of crops – and safe. Elephants are often killed, whether by accident or on purpose, when they wander into human environments.

That’s just one example of “behavior-based management,” in which animal researchers try to modify a creature’s behavior to achieve a conservation goal. Other projects in this quickly evolving area include reteaching migratory routes to birds, or teaching Australian predators not to eat toxic cane toads, which are invasive there.

In some conservationists’ eyes, these kinds of initiatives have significant potential to reduce harms for individual animals and endangered species. But they also open up tricky ethical questions. How will other species – including humans – be affected? Is it unethical to intervene too much in a wild animal’s behavior? Conservation biologist Daniel Blumstein of the University of California, Los Angeles, ecologist Catherine Price and environmental scholar Thom van Dooren unpack the pros and cons.

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Molly Jackson

Religion and Ethics Editor

Cane toads: very large, very invasive and very poisonous. reptiles4all/iStock via Getty Images Plus

Changing wild animals’ behavior could help save them – but is it ethical?

Daniel T. Blumstein, University of California, Los Angeles; Catherine Price, University of Sydney; Thom van Dooren, University of Sydney

Behavior-based interventions could boost conservation efforts, but raise their own set of tricky ethical issues.

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