Copyright law isn't prepared to deal with AI

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If you’ve used the apps DALL-E 2 or Midjourney, you might marvel at the ease with which an idea can be translated into an image. It’s as simple as typing a phrase – say, “tiny elephant attacking giant mouse” – into a form, and out pops a buffet of images. It isn’t magic, though: Developers built these systems by schooling them from art of the internet – programming them to “learn” from millions of copyrighted images on the web.

So who can claim ownership of the images produced by artificial intelligence? Is it the artists whose images were used to train the systems? The users who type in prompts to create images? Or the people who built the AI?

The answers to the questions will depend upon how existing copyright law is interpreted or reformed.

Ph.D. students Robert Mahari and Ziv Epstein, along with law lecturer Jessica Fjeld, explain how generative AI has complicated existing notions of authorship.

Whether generative AI programs like DALL-E 2 and Midjourney will be seen as tools for creatives – akin to how cameras are now viewed – will go a long way in determining who owns the images.

[Sign up here for our Understanding AI series – four emails delivered over the course of a week.]

Nick Lehr

Arts + Culture Editor

Still from ‘All watched over by machines of loving grace’ by Memo Akten, 2021. Created using custom AI software. Memo Akten

Generative AI is a minefield for copyright law

Robert Mahari, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); Jessica Fjeld, Harvard Law School; Ziv Epstein, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Intellectual property law wasn’t written with AI in mind, so it isn’t clear who owns the images that emerge from prompts – or if the artists whose work was scraped to train AI models should be paid.

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