Greenland's last big meltdown holds warnings for the future

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In the 1960s, at the height of the Cold War, the U.S. military operated one of its strangest covert bases. The base was constructed inside the Greenland ice sheet, more than 100 miles from the coast. Ice-lined tunnels held both military and scientific projects – including an ambitious effort to drill all the way through the ice sheet to the bedrock nearly a mile below. The ice core that scientists extracted provided new understanding about Earth’s past. But while the ice was extensively studied, several inches of soil from the end of the core was stashed away and largely forgotten.

That soil core, recently rediscovered in a Danish freezer, is now revealing secrets about Earth’s history, including when the Greenland ice sheet last melted. Geoscientists Paul Bierman and Tammy Rittenour explain the techniques their team used to determine the timing of Greenland’s last big meltdown and explain the warnings it holds about the future in a warming world.

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Stacy Morford

Environment + Climate Editor

Water and sediment pour off the melting margin of the Greenland ice sheet. Jason Edwards/Photodisc via Getty Images

When Greenland was green: Ancient soil from beneath a mile of ice offers warnings for the future

Paul Bierman, University of Vermont; Tammy Rittenour, Utah State University

The soil sample was extracted in the 1960s from beneath nearly a mile of ice at one of the U.S military's most unusual bases.

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