Why are countries trying to land on the Moon?

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On Wednesday, India became the fourth country to successfully land a craft on the Moon. Their Chandrayaan-3 lander touched down close to the Moon’s south pole, an area of profound scientific interest that’s marked by ancient ice deposits and tall, sunlit peaks.

India is not the only country looking to the Moon. China has had a few crafts make it to the Moon in recent years, while NASA’s Artemis program is aiming for a 2025 landing. And Russia nearly managed to return to the Moon just this week, but its Luna-25 craft crashed into the lunar surface three days before Chandrayaan-3’s successful landing.

What’s with all this renewed interest in Earth’s only natural satellite? And why do countries like India and China, who weren’t involved in the space race of the 1960s, want in? I asked Mariel Borowitz, an expert in international space policy at the Georgia Institute of Technology, for more insight into the geopolitics of Moon landings.

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Mary Magnuson

Assistant Science Editor

India’s Chandrayaan-3 lander successfully touched down on the south pole of the Moon on Aug. 23, 2023, sparking celebrations across the country. AP Photo/Aijaz Rahi

India’s Chandrayaan-3 landed on the south pole of the Moon − a space policy expert explains what this means for India and the global race to the Moon

Mariel Borowitz, Georgia Institute of Technology

India became the first country to land near the south pole of the Moon, a notoriously difficult achievement that also marks them as the fourth country to land on the Moon.

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