Mining the seafloor for clean energy – but at what cost?

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Deep below the ocean surface between Mexico and Hawaii, the seafloor is littered with what look like cobblestones. But these are no ordinary rocks. They’re made up of rare earth metals that are essential for today’s EV batteries and many clean energy technologies – metals that are in limited supply.

The rising demand for these metals, and the hunt for what politicians call “friendly” sources, has set off a rush of interest in seabed mining and a fierce debate over whether it should be banned. Little is currently known about the deep seabed or what kind of impact seabed mining might have on the ocean and its inhabitants.

Scott Shackelford, Kerry Krutilla, Christiana Ochoa and David Bosco, four Indiana University scholars who have spent years studying the economic, political and legal challenges posed by seabed mining, explained the uproar, the history and the potential for both environmental damage and economic windfall.

Also today:

Stacy Morford

Environment + Climate Editor

Deep sea sponges and other creatures live on and among valuable manganese nodules like this one that could be mined from the seafloor. GEOMAR

Plans for deep seabed mining pit renewable energy demand against ocean life in a largely unexplored frontier

Scott Shackelford, Indiana University; Christiana Ochoa, Indiana University; David Bosco, Indiana University; Kerry Krutilla, Indiana University

Mining nodules from the deep ocean seabed could provide the metals crucial for today’s EV batteries and renewable energy technology, but little is known about the harm it could cause.

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