👋 Hey, I’m Lenny and welcome to a 🔒 subscriber-only edition 🔒 of my weekly newsletter. Each week I tackle reader questions about building product, driving growth, and accelerating your career.

Q: I’m told my idea isn’t “venture-scale.” What does that mean?

What do Product Hunt, Trello, Balsamiq, Basecamp, Things, DuckDuckGo, Brain.fm, and many of your favorite products have in common? They’re beloved, have millions of users, and likely generate tens of millions of dollars a year, but, like your idea and 99.9% of new startup ideas, they will never be “venture-scale.” And that’s OK. You can build a killer business without going the VC route. And you probably should.

A simple rule of thumb for what makes an idea venture-scale is having a path to $100 million a year in revenue and hitting $1 billion+ valuation, in 10 years. Essentially, can you get big, fast? This is what VCs need to invest in in order to make their fund economics work. Very few ideas can hit this scale, and it’s important that you recognize this before you take venture capital (more on this below).

To gauge the venture-scaliness of an idea, investors look for:

1. Large enough market: Are there enough people (or companies) spending enough money for you to be able to generate $100M in revenue per year—and eventually $1B in revenue a year? This usually means that the total addressable market (TAM) needs to be $5B or more. And the bigger the better.

2. Scalable business model: Can you scale efficiently, primarily through technology—and not through hiring more people (e.g. accountants) or acquiring assets (e.g. buildings)? Venture investors are looking for high-margin businesses, and nothing is higher-margin than software.

3. High growth: Have you shown 2-3x growth year after year, and can you keep it up? Otherwise, it’s hard to believe there is actually a big market for what you’re building. Also, with a low growth rate, the multiples on your revenue will be lower, and thus so will your long-term value.

4. Cash → growth: Is there a clear understanding of how an infusion of (venture) capital will unlock growth in the short term? Otherwise, why sell a big percentage of your company?

5. Path to IPO: You plan to go public one day.

“When I look at a startup, I ask myself, can I see a path to $100M+ in revenue, and then a consistent way to compound from there? Is there a dream scenario of building a category-defining business in the hundreds of millions, or even $1B+, in revenue?”

—Stephanie Zhan, Partner at Sequoia

A high bar indeed.

Making something people want is not enough

You often hear about the importance of making something people want, but that’s just step one. If not enough people want what you’ve built, or you can’t make enough money from these people, you won’t be able to build a venture-scale business. But, again, that’s OK. You can still build a great business. Here are some ideas that will (probably) never be venture-scale businesses but can still be great revenue-generating businesses (and many already are):

1. On-demand car washing

2. In-home chefs-as-a-service

3. A better podcasting app

4. A better personal to-do app

5. A better photo-sharing app

6. A better bird-watching app

7. A better recipe app

8. A better app to manage Little League schedules

9. An app for couples to communicate long-distance

10. An app to coordinate household chores

If you’re excited about one of these ideas, by all means build it! We need more great products in the world. The mistake is thinking your startup idea is venture-scale and getting on the VC treadmill. Once you’re on the treadmill, here’s what changes:

1. High growth expectations: VCs are looking for companies that grow big enough fast enough. If your business isn’t suited to this kind of rapid growth, it can lead to undue pressure and unrealistic expectations.

2. Loss of control: VCs generally buy 10% to 20% of your company and often get a seat on the board. This could lead to a loss of control over your company’s direction and decision-making. Especially if you aren’t growing fast enough.

3. Misalignment of goals: You may prioritize product quality, profitability, sustainability, or specific values, whereas VC firms typically prioritize rapid expansion and a high return on investment.

4. Ongoing dilution: When you attempt to raise additional funding and you’re not performing well, you’ll end up raising at lower valuations, thus diluting yourself, employees, and early investors.

5. Exit pressure: Investors usually expect an exit event (like an acquisition or IPO) within 5 to 10 years, to cash out their investment. This can lead to decisions that prioritize short-term gains over the long-term health and vision of the company.

“Bootstrapping is for lifestyle businesses that want cash flow, and (venture) funding is for companies trying to create a billion dollars in annual revenue. Simple as that.” —Patrick Campbell, founder of ProfitWell (bootstrapped to $200M ARR)

If you’re already down this road and are realizing your idea isn’t venture-scale, don’t worry. As long as you tried your best (and are working with good investors), they won’t hold it against you. As Leo Polovets, GP at Susa Ventures, shared with me:

“Most reputable investors will be content with their investment regardless of the outcome—as long as you tried your best to build something big. So if you raised a seed round and ended up exiting for $15M, or even $0, because the $1B opportunity didn’t materialize, that’s totally fine. Where investors get frustrated is if you raised money on the promise of trying to create a huge business but then pursued an early exit without trying to realize the company’s full potential.”

How to tell if your idea is venture-scale

If you’re now wondering whether you have a venture-scale business, ask yourself three questions:

1. Is my market big enough?

Do the math. What would have to be true for your business to reach $100M in revenue in one year? How many people would need to be using it (and/or paying for it), and how much should you need to make per user? As Nina Achadjian, GP at Index Ventures, says, it very simply often comes down to market size:

“It all comes down to the size of the market and if the business model can scale. That, and if you’re taking VC money, you are signing an unofficial ‘oath’ to one day take your company public or sell it. The minimum threshold is growing to $100M+ ARR.”

Also, a classic piece of advice from Andy Rachleff (co-founder of Benchmark Capital):

“When a great team meets a lousy market, market wins.
When a lousy team meets a great market, market wins.
When a great team meets a great market, something special happens.”

Note, this is in large part a guessing game, but knowing what needs to be true to reach this bar is illuminating. Here’s a simple guide to help you think this through.

2. How much pain are you solving?

On a scale of 1 to 10, how painful is the status quo? Is it a 9-10, or is it 4-5? It’ll be hard to get people to pay a lot of money, or to switch from a good-enough product, if there isn’t a lot of pain. Here’s how Hunter Walk, GP at Homebrew, thinks about what makes a venture-scale business:

“Many investors will say that the total addressable market (TAM) size is the primary indication of ‘venture scale,’ but I disagree. You can have large TAMs that actually aren’t very good markets for startups, and smaller markets that can be expanded by the abilities of a talented startup with the right product offering.

So instead I tell founders to think about the problem they’re solving, specifically my LUV framework:

1. Large: Is the problem you’re aiming to solve large enough—customers, users, spend, etc.?

2. Urgent: Is the problem urgent to your users/customers—will they be interested in a new offering, change their way of solving this problem today?

3. Valuable: Are people willing to spend money to solve this problem; is there financial value associated with this problem?”...