Ancient naturalists watched animals self-medicate with plants

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Did you see the story in the news a few weeks ago about the wild orangutan who carefully treated a wound on his own face with chewed-up leaves from a plant known to have medicinal qualities?

Classics professor Adrienne Mayor did – and it reminded her of something from her own research as a historian of ancient science. Many naturalists from antiquity described animals chomping, rubbing on and otherwise utilizing plants for what looked like medical purposes.

These premodern observations of species ranging from stags to bears to birds to elephants were folk knowledge, not formal science. But, writes Mayor, “the stories reveal long-term observation and imitation of diverse animal species self-doctoring with bioactive plants.” Plenty of mysteries remain, but these self-medicating animals have inspired human treatments over the millennia.

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Maggie Villiger

Senior Science + Technology Editor

A goat with an arrow wound nibbles the medicinal herb dittany. O. Dapper

Animals self-medicate with plants − behavior people have observed and emulated for millennia

Adrienne Mayor, Stanford University

Humans have watched and learned from animals who treat their ills with bioactive plants. This animal wisdom has a scientific name: zoopharmacognosy.

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