Animals have culture, too – but we do have something they don't

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People tend to assume we’re different from the rest of the animals in some crucial way. For a while, one big distinction seemed to be our various human cultures, which we learn from and pass on to one another.

But wait, writes anthropologist Eli Elster. Plenty of species, “including bees, chimpanzees and crows, can also generate cultural complexity through social learning.” If we human beings are unique, there must be something else.

Elster explains how researchers are starting to look at what they call the “open-endedness” of human culture as the thing that really sets us apart. The diversity of the inventions and traditions and everything else that make up all the human cultures across time and space is unparalleled. It seems like the sky’s the limit for what human minds can create and build on and share.

“How do our minds interact,” writes Elster, “to produce such a degree of cultural breadth?” Well, that’s the next question to ponder.

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Maggie Villiger

Senior Science + Technology Editor

A ritual dance honoring Yoruban ancestors is one of the countless examples of human culture. Jorge Fernández/LightRocket via Getty Images

Humans aren’t the only animals with complex culture − but researchers point to one feature that makes ours unique

Eli Elster, University of California, Davis

Animals can learn from each other, maintaining their cultures for long periods of time. What sets people apart may be the uniquely open-ended ways we invent new ideas and share and build on them.

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