The Conversation - Zigzagging sunflower physics

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Summer is starting to turn to fall in North America, which means sunflowers are in full bloom in the Northern Hemisphere.

These tall, bright yellow plants make little movements to follow the Sun throughout the day — including leaning forward or backward to keep away from other plants that might encroach on their sunlight. In a recent study, Chantal Nguyen, a physicist at the University of Colorado Boulder, and her colleagues tracked how exactly these flowers moved. Nguyen wanted to see if she could build a computational model that imitates how sunflowers move in nature.

But these flowers don’t just follow the Sun. How closely each stalk is planted to the others around it has an effect on its movement, too. Nguyen’s work on sunflowers reflects broader ideas in the physics of collective behavior. Like sunflowers, other groups of organisms — including bees and bacterial cells — self-organize and use random movements to continually optimize the ways they move.

So if you head out to your local sunflower field to celebrate the last week of summer, keep an eye out to see how these bright blooms are oriented – in relation to the Sun, as well as each other.

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Mary Magnuson

Master's student in Environment and Resources

Sunflowers use tiny movements to follow the Sun’s path throughout the day. AP Photo/Charlie Riedel

Sunflowers make small moves to maximize their Sun exposure − physicists can model them to predict how they grow

Chantal Nguyen, University of Colorado Boulder

Plants don’t just grow straight up. They can move in loopy and zigzagging ways to get more sunshine. And studying these movements goes all the way back to Darwin in the 19th century.

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