Proof Points: Test-optional admissions disappoint

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By Jill Barshay

There have been glowing profiles of low-income students of color applying and getting into prestigious colleges this year, seemingly the result of test-optional admissions. Inspiring anecdotes like these can sometimes lead us astray because we don’t know the full picture and whether the policy change is really making a dent in the student population overall. Before the pandemic, education researcher Christopher Bennett calculated what actually happened at 99 colleges and universities that stopped requiring students to submit SAT or ACT scores. His research and prior studies indicate that test-optional admissions may not be a way to vastly increase the number of underrepresented students enrolled in college.

The study, Untested Admissions: Examining Changes in Application Behaviors and Student Demographics Under Test-Optional Policies, was published in the peer-reviewed American Educational Research Journal in April 2021.

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Key Findings

Test-optional admissions increased the share of Black, Latino and Native American students by only 1 percentage point at about 100 colleges and universities that adopted the policy between 2005-06 and 2015-16 compared to about 100 similar colleges that continued to require test scores
The share of low-income students, as measured by those who qualify for federal Pell Grants, also increased by only 1 percentage point on these campuses.
The policy had the effect of substantially increasing the share of women on campuses.