Politics, not laws, dictates prisoner exchanges

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There are no particular rules or guidelines that help determine how a high-profile prisoner swap – like the one that happened on Thursday between the U.S., Russia and five other countries – plays out.

Freed from Russia were Wall Street Journal reporter Evan Gershkovich, former U.S. Marine Paul Whelan and a prominent Russian opposition leader, among about a dozen others. In exchange, eight Russians who were convicted of various crimes in different countries are being sent back to their homeland.

The behind-the-scene workings of delicate deals like these are typically kept closely under wraps at the highest levels of government. But political leaders generally have latitude to make whatever deals they want, according to international and Russian legal scholar William E. Butler from Penn State. He explains that this might matter more as it becomes increasingly common for governments to detain or imprison foreigners on questionable or bogus charges.

“The real question is whether it would be better if there were some kind of international legal framework that would allow hostage and political prisoner releases to happen within a prescribed set of guidelines,” Butler explained in an interview with me yesterday. “Each case of a hostage or political prisoner exchange is a story of its own.”

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Amy Lieberman

Politics + Society Editor

President Joe Biden, joined by relatives of prisoners freed by Russia, delivers remarks about the prisoner swap on Aug. 1, 2024. Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images

7-nation prisoner swap shows how diplomacy, not law, governs exchanges

William E. Butler, Penn State

The law doesn’t govern political prisoner exchanges. These are political processes done in secret, as governments can agree to whatever deals they want to make − and reject those they don’t.

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