How the Pilgrims differed from the Puritans

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As Americans celebrate Thanksgiving, the origin story of this holiday about the survival of the Pilgrim colonists and the meal they shared with Native Americans is recalled and retold.

To many, the Puritans and Pilgrims seem to be the same group of people – religious reformers who fled England for present-day Massachusetts. However, Miami University historian Michael Carrafiello explains that there are significant differences between the two groups.

The Pilgrims respected the Native Americans and did not seek to actively convert them to their faith. Edward Winslow, one of the Pilgrim founders of the colony in Plymouth, praised the Native Americans in his writings for being “very trusty, quick of apprehension, ripe witted, just.”

The Puritans who followed saw their mission of evangelization and expansion as God-given. They treated Native Americans harshly – killing or selling those who resisted.

As guests fill their plates with traditional food, the day is a remembrance of the first Thanksgiving − of the courage and tenacity of the first Pilgrims, but also its mixed legacy, writes Carrafiello.

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Kalpana Jain

Senior Religion + Ethics Editor/ Director of the Global Religion Journalism Initiative

A sketch from 1877 illustrating the landing of the Pilgrims, by artist Albert Bobbett. The Print Collector/Hulton Archives via Getty Images

How the first Pilgrims and the Puritans differed in their views on religion and respect for Native Americans

Michael Carrafiello, Miami University

Puritans and Pilgrims came out of the same religious culture of 1570s England. Pilgrims hosted the first American Thanksgiving, and Puritans arrived later.

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