The Conversation - How Russia hooked Europe on oil and gas

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President Joe Biden over the weekend again warned his Russian counterpart of “swift and severe” consequences should the latter invade Ukraine – a likelihood that may be imminent, American officials suggest. Meanwhile, European leaders raced to find a diplomatic solution as more countries emptied out their embassies in Kyiv and urged their citizens to leave Ukraine.

Biden’s threat of punishing sanctions against Russia is one of the tools the United States hopes will deter Vladimir Putin from sending troops into his neighbor. But experts say its effectiveness depends on a united front among Western nations. That may be a problem, writes Ryan Haddad, who studies national security, trade policy and economic diplomacy.

“Russia has something that may undercut that solidarity: a network of European countries, Germany in particular, dependent on it for energy exports,” he explains. “This issue has tended to divide America and its allies – in part because of how Russia has exploited the ambiguity of its intentions.”

Also today:

Bryan Keogh

Senior Editor, Economy + Business

Is it a weapon or merely trade? AP Photo/Dmitry Lovetsky

How Russia hooked Europe on its oil and gas – and overcame US efforts to prevent energy dependence on Moscow

Ryan Haddad, University of Maryland

The Biden administration hopes the threat of harsh sanctions from a united West will deter Putin from invading Ukraine. But Russia has a long history of using energy to divide the US and Europe.

Environment + Energy

Arts + Culture

Science + Technology

Ethics + Religion

Health + Medicine

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    Poop comes in many shapes, sizes and textures. The kind that’s too runny might be the result of wayward germs, Crohn’s disease or lactose intolerance.

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